Examination of the African Coup Crisis in the Context of International Law

Al-Ameen Abdul Qadir (Azman Univerzitet, Nigerija), alameen.a@azmanuniversity.edu.ng

The frequency of military coups in Africa increased following the independence wave and then stabilised, particularly during the democratic transition phase that began in the early 1990s. However, coups have resurged in recent years to the extent that they have become one of the quickest and most straightforward means of seizing power on the continent. This paper examines the crises of coups in Africa within the context of international law. In doing so, it aims to enhance understanding and provide insights into potential solutions. To achieve this objective, tools specific to history, political science, and international law were used. This paper employed document analysis, causal analysis, comparative analysis, and case studies. The findings reveal the inadequacy of international rules in addressing and preventing the crises. Furthermore, these rules frequently leave loopholes that allow coup plotters to legitimise their actions and evade accountability. Therefore, a balanced approach that integrates the strengths of both soft and hard law may be essential for enhancing existing mechanisms and developing new strategies that prioritise prevention, promote good governance, and ensure accountability for coup leaders.

Keywords: Africa, African coup, coup crisis, coups, international law, military coup, charters, agreements, coup belt.